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NEW QUESTION # 43
________ is a form of carbon that may promote carburization, particularly during decoke cycles where temperatures exceed the normal operating temperatures.
- A. Carbonic acid
- B. None of the above
- C. Coke
- D. Crude oil
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 44
Galvanized steel components should not be welded to ________ due to LME.
- A. Duplex SS
- B. 300 Series SS
- C. 400 Series SS
- D. Carbon steel
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 45
Refractory anchors must be resistant to __________ in high temperature services.
- A. Oxidation
- B. Stress cracking
- C. Thermal cracking
- D. Thermal fatigue
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 46
300 series austenitic stainless steels susceptible to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking (PTA SCC) can become sensitized when heated in the range of:
- A. 1650°F to 1725°F (899°C to 941°C)
- B. 1200°F to 1650°F (622°C to 900°C)
- C. 750°F to 1500°F (400°C to 815°C)
- D. 400°F to 675°F (204°C to 357°C)
Answer: C
Explanation:
In API RP 571, under the section Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking, it is stated:
"Sensitization of austenitic stainless steels occurs when the material is exposed to temperatures in the range of
800°F to 1500°F (427°C to 816°C), which causes chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries, depleting the adjacent areas of chromium."
"Once sensitized, the steel becomes susceptible to attack in the presence of polythionic acids, particularly in environments containing sulfides and oxygen." (Reference: API RP 571, Section 4.2.2.5 - PTA SCC) This makes option B (750°F to 1500°F / 400°C to 815°C) the most accurate and standard-aligned answer.
NEW QUESTION # 47
300 Series SS can be used for sour water service at temperatures below ____________, where Chloride SCC is not likely.
- A. 120(o) F
- B. 150(o) F
- C. 140(o) F
- D. 175(o) F
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 48
In vessels and piping, creep cracking can occur where high metal temperatures and _________ occur together.
- A. Stress concentrations
- B. Velocities
- C. Pressures
- D. None of the above
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following is not a major factor associated with boiler water condensate corrosion?
- A. Carbon dioxide content
- B. Operating pressure
- C. Process ph
- D. Oxygen content
- E. Temperature
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 50
Susceptibility to hydrogen stress cracking __________ with __________ hardness.
- A. Both A and C
- B. Decreases, increasing
- C. Increases, increasing
- D. Decreases, Decreasing
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 51
Severe internal grooving corrosion is found at the bottom of a 4-inch (101.6 mm) carbon steel piping system in steam condensate service. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- A. Ammonium bisulfide corrosion
- B. Carbonate corrosion
- C. Carbon dioxide corrosion
- D. Erosion-corrosion
Answer: C
Explanation:
API RP 571 explains under Condensate Corrosion (CO# Corrosion):
"In condensate systems, carbon dioxide dissolves in the water forming carbonic acid, which leads to localized corrosion, including grooving and under-deposit attack, especially at low points like the bottom of horizontal piping."
"This is most commonly observed in steam condensate return lines, and the damage is localized due to stratification." This matches the scenario described, where internal grooving at the bottom of steam condensate piping is characteristic of CO#-induced corrosion. Hence, option A is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 52
_________ is a selective corrosion mechanism in which one or more constituents of an alloy are preferentially attacked leaving a lower density often porous structure.
- A. Preferentially weld attack
- B. Phenol corrosion
- C. Dealloying
- D. Carburization
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which of the following will experience the highest oxidation corrosion rate at 1350°F (732°C)?
- A. Alloy 800H
- B. Type 304L stainless steel
- C. Type 310 stainless steel
- D. 9 Cr low-alloy steel
Answer: D
Explanation:
API RP 571 under Oxidation:
"Carbon steels and low alloy steels, such as 9 Cr, have poor oxidation resistance at temperatures above 1000° F (540°C), rapidly losing thickness."
"Stainless steels with higher Cr and Ni content (like 310) have superior oxidation resistance." Thus, 9 Cr steel will corrode fastest at 1350°F, making option D correct.
NEW QUESTION # 54
Cracking of dissimilar weld metals occurs in the __________ side of a weld joining 300 Series SS and carbon steel.
- A. Ferritic
- B. None of the above
- C. Both of the above
- D. Austenitic
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 55
Why are high-cycle fatigue cracks difficult to detect with nondestructive examination (NDE)?
- A. Cracks are so tight they are often missed.
- B. Time required for crack growth is not predictable.
- C. They are usually in 90° corners where inspection is difficult.
- D. They normally start on the I.D. surface.
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to API RP 571, high-cycle fatigue (HCF) is characterized by very tight, narrow cracks that can escape detection using typical NDE methods due to their minimal opening displacement and fine geometry.
* From API RP 571 Section 5.2.1 (Fatigue - High Cycle):
"The cracks are usually tight and may be difficult to detect using conventional NDE techniques such as PT or MT. UT and RT may also have difficulty identifying these small, tight flaws, especially in early stages of propagation." The primary issue in NDE is not the geometry (such as 90° corners) or ID location, but rather the tightness and early-stage subtlety of the cracks which results in reduced detectability. Therefore, option B is correct as it aligns most accurately with API RP 571's detailed characterization of HCF detection challenges.
NEW QUESTION # 56
At elevated temperatures, dissimilar weld metal cracking is aggravated by the diffusion of carbon out of the weld metal and into the base metal. The temperature at which carbon diffusion becomes a concern is above ________.
- A. 900º F
- B. 750º F
- C. 800º F
- D. 700º F
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 57
_______ is the primary alloying agent that affects resistance to oxidation.
- A. Chromium
- B. Aluminum
- C. Molybdenum
- D. Silicon
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 58
In general, the resistance of iron and nickel based alloys to sulfidation is determined by the ________ content of the material.
- A. Chromium
- B. Alloying
- C. Carbon
- D. Molybdenum
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 59
The endurance limit is usually about:
- A. 10-20% of a material's ultimate tensile strength.
- B. Half way up the ladder of a 150' column (tower).
- C. 10-20% of a material's yield strength.
- D. 40-50% of a material's ultimate tensile strength
- E. 40-50% of a material's yield strength.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 60
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